created 06/20/2003; modified 06/06/2009, 07/25/15
For these programming exercises, use only those instructions that have been discussed so far in these notes:
| and | andi | nor | or | ori | sll | srl | xor | xori |
In the Settings menu of SPIM set Bare Machine ON, Allow Pseudo Instructions OFF, Load Trap File OFF, Delayed Branches ON, Delayed Loads ON, Mapped IO OFF, Quiet OFF.
Run the programs by setting the value of the PC to 0x400000 and then single stepping (pushing F10) or by multiple stepping (push F11 and enter a number of steps). Observing the results in the SPIM window.
Put the following bit pattern into register $1 :
DEADBEEF
A. Easy program: do this using just three instructions.
B. Somewhat harder: do this one letter at a time, using ori to load each
letter (each nibble) into a register, then shifting it into position.
You will need to use ori, or, and sll
instructions.
Look at the contents of register $1 as you push F10 to single step the program.
Click here to go back to the main menu.
In each register $1 through $7 set the corresponding bit.
That is, in register 1 set bit 1 (and clear the rest to zero), in $2
set bit 2 (and clear the rest to zero), and so on.
Use only one ori instruction in your program,
to set the bit in register $1.
ori $1,$0,0x01
Don't
use any ori instructions other than that one.
Note: bit 1 of a register is the second from the right, the one
that (in unsigned binary) corresponds to the first power of two.
Click here to go back to the main menu.
Start out a program with the instruction that puts a single one-bit into register one:
ori $1,$0,0x01
Now,
by using only shift instructions and register to register logic
instructions, put the pattern 0xFFFFFFFF into
register $1.
Don't use another ori after the first.
You will need to use more registers than $1.
See how few instructions you can do this in.
My program has 11 instructions.
Click here to go back to the main menu.
Put the bit pattern 0x55555555 in register $1.
(Do this with three instructions.)
Now shift the pattern left one position into register $2
(leave $1 unchanged).
Put the the bit-wise OR of $1 and $2 into register $3.
Put the the bit-wise AND of $1 and $2 into register $4.
Put the the bit-wise XOR of $1 and $2 into register $5.
Examine the results.
Click here to go back to the main menu.
Put the bit pattern 0x0000FACE into register $1.
This is just an example pattern; assume that $1 can start out
with any pattern at all in the low 16 bits
(but assume that the high 16 bits are all zero).
Now, using only register-to-register logic and
shift instructions, rearrange the bit pattern so
that register $2 gets the bit pattern 0x0000CAFE.
Write this program so that after the low 16 bits of $1 have been
set up with any bit pattern, no matter what bit
pattern it is, the nibbles in $2 are the same rearrangement
of the nibbles of $1 shown with the example pattern.
For example,
if $1 starts out with 0x00003210
it will end up with the pattern 0x00001230
A. Moderately Easy program: do this using ori
instructions to create masks, then use and and or
instructions to mask in and mask out the various nibbles.
You will also need rotate instructions.
B. Somewhat Harder program:
Use only and, or, and rotate instructions.
Click here to go back to the main menu.
Start out register $1 with any 32-bit pattern, such as 0x76543210.
Now, put the reverse of that pattern into register $2,
for the example, 0x01234567.
Click here to go back to the main menu.
* == easy program ** == moderately easy program *** == harder program **** == project
End of Exercises